The probe depended on forensic analysis of videos, satellite imagery, as well as interviews with more than a hundred Tanzanians who witnessed or were impacted by the events.
The report describes several incidents where security forces were accused of using excessive force against civilians during protests.
Satellite images indicate the presence of previously unreported mass burial sites, which raise serious concerns about attempts to hide evidence of killings.
CNN consulted experts who say the combination of eyewitness testimony with video analysis provides a credible picture of what may have happened.
Many Tanzanians have shared experiences in the investigation, describing a climate of fear and intimidation. Some spoke of missing relatives, while others recounted being eyewitnesses to violent clampdowns.
These personal accounts, coupled with visual and satellite evidence, form the backbone of this report.
CNN contacted the police and the government of Tanzania for comment on these findings. By the time of publishing, it had not received a response.
The silence from officials has only increased concerns about accountability and transparency.
The investigation also highlights the risks faced by journalists, activists, and ordinary citizens who attempt to report on or protest against abuses.
International human rights groups have called for independent inquiries to determine the full scope of the alleged killings and to ensure justice for victims.
This report brings into strong focus the need for transparency and accountability in Tanzania.
Mixing forensic evidence together with witness testimony creates a concerning image of state violence and possible attempts to cover up the trails of violence.
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